WAVES:
Wave is a vibration or disturbance in space and matter. It transfer energy or momentum without transferring matter.
Characteristics of wave:
· WAVELENGTH: Distance of a point on 1 wave to the same point on another wave. (Usually measured on the top of the wave to the top of next wave).
· AMPLITUDE: It is the height of the wave.
· FREQUENCY: Number of occurrence of a repeating event per unit time.
· TIME PERIOD: Period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event.
Classification of waves:
Waves are classified by WHAT they move through or by HOW particles move through them….
According to how particles move through them:
1. Longitudinal waves.
2. Transverse waves.
According to what they move through (i.e. medium):
1. Electromagnetic waves.
2. Mechanical waves.
· TRANSVERSE WAVES:
For a transverse wave, the points along the wave vibrates at 90 degrees to the direction in which the wave is moving (the direction of energy transfer).
· LONGITUDINAL WAVES:
For a longitudinal wave, the points along the wave vibrates in the same direction in which the wave is moving.
· ELECTROMAGNETIC(EM) WAVES:
Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to propagate. This means that electromagnetic waves can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.
· MECHANICAL WAVES:
Mechanical waves required a medium for propagation.
TYPES OF MECHANICAL WAVES:
· Sound waves
· Water waves
· Earthquake waves
· Wave that travel down a rope or spring.
WAVE EFFECTS:
What happens when?
1. Wave hits a surface through which it cannot pass?
Reflection
2. When wave enters into a new medium?
Refraction
3. When wave move around and obstacle or passes through a narrow opening?
Diffraction
4. When two or more waves combine together?
Interference
5. When one object Vibrates another abject without touching it.
Resonance
Some discussion about Electromagnetic waves:
Electromagnetic waves:
The textbook definition should be that it does not require a medium to travel.
However some modern physicist disagree. They believe that electromagnetic wave travel through ether.
Ether was rejected prematurely by physicists due to their interpretation of Einstein’s relativity. But Einstein himself wrote later that ether should exist in his lecture on 'Relativity and Ether' in 1918.
Nikola tesla himself was completely against Einstein for initially rejecting ether.
Now ether has made a comeback through something known as the Higgs field. If one compares the definition of ether and the definition of the Higgs field, they are identical. If one compares the definition of ether and the definition of the Higgs field, they are identical. The Higgs boson, none of it makes sense without Higgs field. (an ether like phenomenon).
Matter waves:
These are matter like electrons exhibiting wave like properties.
These have 2 possible interpretations:
1) Neil Bohr’s interpretation
(The Copenhagen interpretation)
It says that matter exists as waves when you are not observing it. It becomes matter when you observe it. The process of observation collapses the wave function into a localized point.
Einstein didn't like it. He told Neil Bohr I want to believe the moon exists when I am not looking at it.
2) Hugh Everett’s Many world’s interpretation.
High Everett’s interpretation is basically the concept of parallel universes.
That means when you shoot an electron from an electron from an electron gun different electrons from all the parallel realities interfere with each other and form the interference pattern. Now when observation of this happens... One of the electron is observed. The rest are not observed. Just are when we select a channel with our remote, only one channel is selected. What about the others?? They exist.... But cannot be observed.
Written by Maryam Taher
(contributer to the blog)
ebooks written by me
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